CVE-2026-62333：OpenVM MemoryMerkleAir 允許下葉子行更改記憶體根
CVE-2026-62333 - OpenVM: MemoryMerkleAir allows below-leaf rows to alter memory roots
OpenVM 的 MemoryMerkleAir 模組存在漏洞，惡意證明者可在不執行記憶體操作的情況下改變記憶體根，影響 zkVM 的可信度。
- 漏洞影響：可偽造 Merkle 根，破壞證明完整性。
此漏洞使惡意證明者可改變記憶體根，影響 OpenVM 的可信度，提醒使用者即時升級以防止證明被偽造，確保 zkVM 的安全性。
OpenVM is a performant and modular zkVM framework built for customization and extensibility. Before 1.7.0 in the 1.x line and in affected 2.0 and 2.1 prereleases, `MemoryMerkleAir` does not forbid Merkle expansion rows at `parent_height` = 0 or below while `expand_direction` != 0. A malicious prover can fabricate a subtree below a memory leaf and swap digests inside that subtree to change the committed memory root without a corresponding memory operation. The fraudulent rows still balance against the Merkle and compression buses and require no memory-bus operation for the changed leaf. Because the memory Merkle root binds VM memory state across continuation segment boundaries, this affects the soundness of OpenVM proofs using persistent memory. This issue is fixed in versions 1.7.0, 2.0.0-rc.3 and 2.1.0-preview.
Impact
Affected Products
The following products are affected by CVE-2026-62333
vulnerability.
Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the
products
that
are
affected, the information is not represented in the table below.
| ID | Vendor | Product | Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Openvm | openvm |
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 4.0 | HIGH | [email protected] |
Update OpenVM to a fixed version to prevent fraudulent Merkle root manipulation.
- Update OpenVM to version 1.7.0 or later.
- Update OpenVM to version 2.0.0-rc.3 or later.
- Update OpenVM to version 2.1.0-preview or later.
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2026-62333.
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-62333 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
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stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-62333
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
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The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2026-62333 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2026-62333 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
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New CVE Received by [email protected]
十月. 30, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description OpenVM is a performant and modular zkVM framework built for customization and extensibility. Before 1.7.0 in the 1.x line and in affected 2.0 and 2.1 prereleases, `MemoryMerkleAir` does not forbid Merkle expansion rows at `parent_height` = 0 or below while `expand_direction` != 0. A malicious prover can fabricate a subtree below a memory leaf and swap digests inside that subtree to change the committed memory root without a corresponding memory operation. The fraudulent rows still balance against the Merkle and compression buses and require no memory-bus operation for the changed leaf. Because the memory Merkle root binds VM memory state across continuation segment boundaries, this affects the soundness of OpenVM proofs using persistent memory. This issue is fixed in versions 1.7.0, 2.0.0-rc.3 and 2.1.0-preview. Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Added CWE CWE-20 Added Affected New affected value received. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/62xxx/CVE-2026-62333.json">CVE-2026-62333</a> Added Reference https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/v2.0.0-alpha/crates/vm/src/system/memory/merkle/air.rs Added Reference https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/v2.0.0-beta.2/crates/vm/src/system/memory/merkle/air.rs Added Reference https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/v2.1.0-dev.0/crates/vm/src/system/memory/merkle/air.rs Added Reference https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/commit/bb123f6073691bd2b794171c594264c77e45c376 Added Reference https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/pull/148 Added Reference https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v1.7.0 Added Reference https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v2.0.0-rc.3 Added Reference https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v2.1.0-preview Added Reference https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/security/advisories/GHSA-396x-v8w4-9x82
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.